Characteristics of Modern English Drama Essay

Godot’s 60th: The University of Reading archive shows the first night Pic: Roger Pic So why are we still waiting for Godot? How has Samuel Beckett’s play grown from a tiny avant garde performance in Paris to become part of the West End theatre coach party circuit? It’s 60 years since Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot received its premiere in the Theatre de Babylone in Paris. The first public performance, in its original French form of En attendant Godot, drew an audience of high-brow Parisians, taking in the latest experimental theatre. â€Å"All the thousands who claimed they were there could never have been at the premiere. There weren’t enough seats,† says James Knowlson, Beckett’s friend and official biographer. They also couldn’t have realised that this play, beginning its shoestring-budget run on 5 January 1953, was going to be seen as one of the pivotal moments in modern drama. International appeal So why has Waiting for Godot proved so durable? How has Beckett’s work outlasted the other iconoclasts and angry young writers of the 1950s and 1960s? â€Å"I would suggest the answer lies in its ambiguities. So much is suggested rather than explicitly stated,† says Prof Knowlson. A programme from Godot’s first setting at the Theatre de Babylone in Montparnasse, Paris â€Å"People can read into it what they want to read into it.† This openness to interpretation has helped the play to avoid becoming dated, he says. For a play that’s about the passing of time, it’s curiously timeless. It asks all the big philosophical questions – about life and death and the uncertain purpose of what goes on in between – but in a way that isn’t limited to a particular place or era. And the play has acquired a remarkable record for being performed in very different international settings. No disaster or civil strife is complete without its own Godot. It was performed in Sarajevo under siege in the 1990s, in South Africa it was seen as a critique of apartheid and in the wake of Hurricane Katrina a performance in New Orleans was seen as an emblem of the city’s wait for recovery. Inmates in San Quentin prison in California saw it as their own story in a famous production in the late 1950s. Prof Knowlson’s friendship with Beckett has also created a rich and unexpected legacy for his university, the University of Reading, which now holds the biggest archive of Beckett-related material in the world. From the early 1970s, the playwright began giving manuscripts and notes to Prof Knowlson, stuffed into bags, boxes and suitcases. And this Beckett International Foundation has grown to become the definitive European collection for researchers. â€Å"He adopted us,† says Prof Knowlson – although the attention-shunning writer was never persuaded to visit the archive in person. As Waiting for Godot reaches its 60th anniversary, the university has artefacts and pictures from the original performances. ‘Something extraordinary’ It’s also a reminder of how easily the play might not have happened at all. Samuel Beckett at the BBC recording a series of his plays in 1977There were no famous faces or big funders to back the play. Instead it depended on the actor and director Roger Blin to hustle for cash and a venue – and once it had begun it relied on word of mouth for survival. None of the original cast are still alive – and the theatre itself shut down a few years after staging Beckett’s play. In an interview with French television in the 1960s, Roger Blin suggested the initial power of the play. When Beckett showed him the script: â€Å"I said to myself: This is something extraordinary and it must be put on.† Another playwright who was enlisted in the search for funding fervently promised Blin: â€Å"I will defend this play to the death.† It was still proving controversial when the first English version of the play was performed two years later in London, directed by a 24-year-old Peter Hall. Harold Pinter, also then in his twenties, saw Beckett as the the â€Å"most courageous, remorseless writer going†, while reviewer Bernard Levin described Waiting for Godot as â€Å"a remarkable piece of twaddle†. Not a ‘miserabilist’ Prof Knowlson is himself now one of the most important living links with Beckett. Continue reading the main story â€Å" Start Quote He could be very convivial, very witty, very good company, with a great sense of humour† Professor James Knowlson Beckett’s friend and biographer. And he recognises that the continuing interest in Beckett’s writing is wrapped up in the fascination with the enigmatic character of the author. His photogenic alienation has become a kind of literary brand. But Prof Knowlson argues against the view of Beckett as a â€Å"miserabilist†. â€Å"He could be very convivial, very witty, very good company, with a great sense of humour. â€Å"But there was an element of depression and despair that was part of his life, particularly after the war when he was deeply involved in writing the novels.† He says that Beckett’s idea of a happy Christmas would have been a solitary occasion. â€Å"He would have been preferably on his own and writing. He hated that kind of thing.† The underlying humour is also part of the continuing appeal of Waiting for Godot, he argues. It’s often a peculiarly bleak comedy of resistance, but the thread of humour is always there to leaven the gloom. It’s now a commonplace to see Waiting for Godot described as one of the most important plays of the 20th Century – with its reputation gathering momentum rather than fading away. The kind of movie actors who would have reached the career point of wanting to be in King Lear now want to shuffle across the stage in Godot. Design conscious A key reason for this growing resonance with audiences, Prof Knowlson says, is the visual appeal. Beckett’s strong images appeal to a design-conscious, visually-literate culture. â€Å"They have this strong visual element. I’ve become much more conscious of the filmic quality.† A handbill advertising the first run of Waiting for Godot Prof Knowlson says that he increasingly believes there is a direct link between the plays and Beckett’s interest in painting. â€Å"He was passionately involved in painting, not just that he loved to be with painters, but he was a real expert on 17th Century Dutch painting.† â€Å"He knew these pictures so well, he was so engrossed in these scenes. It seems to me that these pictures are really echoed in Waiting for Godot.† Beckett’s life was changed by the success of Godot – the international impact of the play helped him to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. His publisher John Calder also recalled how the enigmatic Godot could haunt his creator. He recounted how he had once met an anxious Beckett getting off a flight at Heathrow airport. When the plane doors had closed on the runway in Paris, Beckett had heard the loudspeaker announcing: â€Å"Captain Godot welcomes you on board.† â€Å"I wondered if my destiny had caught up with me at last,† Beckett had told his publisher. The Beckett International Foundation at the University of Reading will hold a series of seminars on Samuel Beckett and Waiting for Godot in April 2013.

The Nutritional Requirements of a Healthy Diet for Children

Food groups| Outline the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet for children and young people. | Describe examples of healthy meals and snacks | | Bread, other cereals and potatoes | Children need carbohydrates to give them energy as they are very active. | One carbohydrate meal could be :Baked potato:Bake a potato in the oven prick the potato a couple of time with a fork before putting I the oven. Leave in the oven for 10 minutes when fully cooked you can put any filling inside i. e. tuna or cheese etc. | | Fruit and vegetables| Children need fruit and veg as they need vitamins . hey need vitamins to keep their skin healthy. | Vegetable soup:With vegetable soup you can add any type of vegetable i. e. tomatoes dice the tomatoes. Put the olive oil or butter into a pan and leave to cook if you would like more flavour add garlic or onion. Once cooked add wine or stock and leave for an hour to cook. | | Milk and diary food| Calcium to make their bones and teeth healthy as they are gr owing. | Pasta and cheese:Fill a pan half way with water and add the pasta leave to boil for 10 minutes. Grate the cheese add to the pasta. | | Meat , fish and alternatives| Children need protein to develop muscles and strength. Fish pie:Choose a type of fish you would like to make the fish pie with cook the fish add water and milk in the baking tray with the copped up fish cook for 5 – 8 minutes. Once the fish has cooked add any vegetables to the fish mix the fish and vegetables into mash and put in the oven for 40 minutes. | | Fatty and sugary foods| Children need small amounts of sugar and fats in their diet. | Ice cream:3 vanilla pods 568ml whole milk 50g skimmed milk powder 4 egg yolks 90g caster sugar misk together and put in the freezer till ready to eat. Add fruit| |

Choose any appropriate title ( ART MUSEUM) Assignment

Choose any appropriate title ( ART MUSEUM) - Assignment Example den collection of the Naà ¯ve American materials found in the Chase Fine Arts Center-present the continuing display of their artworks that are in the permanent collection. All the works in the museum covers the modern and contemporary arts providing an extensive overview of creative works from the year 1990 to the most current. All the objects emphasize on the artist works of persons living in the western half of the US. 3. Have a look at the ceramics cabinets 1 through 4 (on the 2nd floor.) What are the organizing principles for each cabinet? What common elements do the objects within each cabinet share and why have they been arranged in that way? In the second floor there are a number of mediums that are used in the museum are utilized. For instance, the piece called Flowers of fate is on display. Painting having a clock and mirror pieces that are well oil painted on a piece of wood. This piece of wood is centered on the idea of our daily experiences. For instance, the clock represents the different perspective of time and the light form above represent the accent of light in our life (Danilov, Victor,59 ) For this reason, the message brought about the piece that demonstrates our everyday experiences on the pieces of art. 4. Objects and items from the museum’s permanent collection are displayed in the gallery areas on the lower first floor. Identify three pieces of art each of which is an example of a distinct genre or style. For each painting/object explain what the genre/style is and why the piece fulfills the generic criteria. Marie Eccles Caine Foundation Gift Klompen has arranged in a different composition a exhibited the spaces and other locations in creative way. The most recent pyramid-like arrangement placed at the Nora Eccles Harrison Museum Art has a composition of 20n different compositions with various rhythms and tones. The world currently seems complex and fragile. This originates from fragile and temporary installation and continues with

Los Angeles in the 30's & 40's versus today Essay

Los Angeles in the 30's & 40's versus today - Essay Example Although LAX is currently a world renowned airport, it wasn’t always the center of attention. Prior to its inception, the primary airports for Los Angeles were Burbank and Grand Central Airport in Glendale. It wasn’t until 1946 that they started serving LAX, because it was just too far out of the way. At that time, it was located east of Sepulveda Boulevard, which ended up being rerouted to the west to loop around the new runways that were created in 1950. Nowadays, LAX is considered one of the busiest airports in the world, with nearly 60 million passengers using the airport each year. They also have a dual function as a civil-military base, providing the U. S. Coast Guard an area to launch, operate and repair their HH-65 Dolphin helicopters. (Delta Mike Airfield, 2008). Although the birth of LAX is a notable part of history in L.A., it was only the beginning of many not-so-good firsts for the city. In 1934, Upton Sinclair decided to run for the governor’s seat of California. He was a famous writer and activist, but he was also a socialist who happened to be California’s first celebrity politician. It gave birth to smear politics on a grand scale. Sinclair easily gained the Democratic primary for governor, after which the L. A. Times criticized his â€Å"maggot-like horde† of supporters (Huffington Post, 2008), while others warned that if elected, the state would become communist. This realization ignited an all-out political revolution. With help from Hollywood and the papers, Sinclair’s opposition practically invented the modern media campaign. They made unparalleled use of mail, radio, film, fund raising and opinion polls to create the most astounding smear campaign ever seen. The best was the new ability to manipulate film, using fake newsreels with Hollywood actors to destroy Sinclair’s candidacy. The L.A. Times had attacked Sinclair unmercifully for weeks, which ultimately destroyed his chances. President Roosevelt couldn’t do anything to help him as he was barely into his New Deal and was struggling himself. He couldn’t endorse him, because he would be seen as endorsing socialism, but on the same token, if he didn’t endorse him, others would call him cowardly for not endorsing a candidate of his party. With FDR’s refusal to endorse him, and the fake newsreels hit the big screen, current Governor Merriam won his re-election. This was the precursor to a variety of things that we now have in use across the country. Sinclair is credited with helping with inspiration to many of FDR’s New Deal programs, including Social Security and certainly was the first victim of smear campaigning and dirty politics. Today, when we have any election forthcoming, all of the newspapers, radio stations and television stations carry smear ads, one party against the other to convince us that the skeletons in the other parties’ closets outweigh their own. It’s odd to think that this all started with a well-known author who wanted to run for Governor of California. His muckraking books got the best of him, as while he was for FDR’s New Deal, he also led a movement called EPIC (End Poverty in California), the platform on which he was running for Governor. This also helped to move the Democratic Party further to the left where they continue to be today. Most Californians have at

Gestalt revolt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gestalt revolt - Research Paper Example Thus, psychological considerations of the school were based on a holistic approach, i.e. experience analysis by means of configuration of the whole pattern (Embree). The whole is greater than the sum of its parts, Â ­- this is the main principle for Gestalt psychology. Functionalists made emphasis on experience analysis of an individual on the basis of his attitude to the learning process, because in such a way an individual is getting accustomed for the environment. Structuralists claimed that not the whole, but an element is crucial for the mind’s structure. Their favorite method, introspection, is in contradiction with the methods implied by Gestalt psychologists (Kohler). Thus, Gestalt psychology occurred in 20s in Germany and it was a new vision of psychological analysis. Germans started invading America and attracting the American psychologists. In Germany this school has substituted structuralism and in America it started its struggle against behaviorism, which was ver y popular those days. Thus, popularity of Behaviorism impeded Gestalt psychology from expansion in America. Gestalt psychologists started protesting against behaviorism. The main criticisms of behaviorism made by Gestatltists were reductionist and atomist nature of Behaviorism; artificial associations implied in Behaviorism (S-R) prevented natural development of mental processes (Kohler).

Managerial Decision Making Research and Analysis Paper - 1

Managerial Decision Making and Analysis - Research Paper Example This strategic initiative has enabled the company to grow its business in international scales. As a result, nowadays, Starbucks operates in 62 countries across North America, Latin America, the Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa. As of September, 2014 the company employed approximately 191, 000 people (Starbucks Annual Report, 2014). For the FY 2014 the company reported the total net revenue of $16, 447.8 million, which resulted in 12% increase compared to the revenue generated in FY 2013 (Starbucks Annual Report). Below is provided more detailed overview of company’s total net revenue for the past 5 years. Thus, total net revenues of Starbucks increased by 11% in 2014 compared to 2013. In terms of business segments, the Americas business segment has generated the highest share of revenue - $ 12 billion (increased by 9% compared to FY 2013 (Starbucks Annual Report, 2014). Starbucks, being a company operating internationally faces many different types of risks and uncertainties, which are industry-specific, country-specific and general business risks. In its Annual Financial report, Starbucks indicates risks and possible changes to the economic environment that could ultimately appear to have adverse affect on its financial condition, business, or results of operation. Some of these risks include the following: As the US is one of the major markets generating significant share of the total revenue of the company, it is dependent on the economic condition in this country, in particular, on consumer discretionary spending (Starbucks Annual Report, 2014). Starbucks operates in food and beverage industry and is subject to public criticism and other adverse opinions. Such incidents could harm the company’s business and damage its brand value (Starbucks Annual Report, 2014). Thus, for example any report linking Starbucks with use of unclean water would threaten the

U.S. Supreme Court decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. Supreme Court decision - Essay Example In April, advocates for parental choice in education scored a major victory in the precedent-setting case before the United States Supreme Court, American Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn. The court ruled by a narrow 5-4 margin that the Arizona program promoting school choice can continue − dismissing a lawsuit waged by the American Civil Liberties Union on behalf of taxpayers who disliked the program. The ruling favored arguments made by the Alliance Defense Fund, a conservative legal organization that defended ACSTO over the years. The concurring justices found that taxpayers have no standing to challenge the program because the contributions going toward tax credits are private funds − not government funds (Liptak, 2011). ACSTO, like many other programs in the U.S., gives state residents the ability to receive a tax credit for contributions to private organizations that provide private schools with scholarships. This ruling has wide-ranging effects across the governmental, political, and structural spheres of America.The ACSTO decision will greatly impact the way state governmental entities deal with programs similar to ACSTO across the country. Now that such programs will be recognized as legitimate, due to U.S. Supreme Court precedent, state institutions will no longer be able to easily keep state residents from freely donating their money to organizations that help parents send their children to the private schools of their choice. Also, elected, appointed, and/or career policymakers, such as the U.S. Supreme Court Justices who presided over this case ? as well as lawmakers, senators, governors and mayors ? will be making more and more decisions based on the precedent set in this case regarding the use of private funds donated to generate tax credits. Now, bureaucracies will not be allowed to strike down such contributions within the states that adopt the precedent set in Arizona. On the political level, the ACSTO decision has man y far-reaching ramifications. Political parties, interest groups, and unions that are generally opposed to religious organizations receiving funding in the form of tax credits generated from private contributions will have their hands tied when opposing such programs. Leftist social movements opposed to private schools will now have a more difficult time shutting down programs resembling ACSTO. Also, with the case’s national attention, 2012 presidential election campaigns and voters agreeing with the decision will more likely take a stance on the parental choice issue. With the extensive media coverage, public opinion was likely swayed in one way or the other. Many were likely swayed by the executive director of the special interest group Americans United for the Separation, Rev. Barry Lynn, who said that the court â€Å"has slammed the courthouse door in the face of Americans who don’t want their tax dollars to subsidize religion (Biskupic, 2011). On the other hand, those with conservative ideals were likely influenced by media statements made by Tim Keller, executive director of the Institute of Justice’s Arizona chapter, who saw the victory as rebuffing â€Å"efforts by school choice opponents to use the courts to halt programs that empower families to chose a private school education if that is where their child’s needs will be best served (Biskupic, 2011).† The political climate on education has undergone a shift since the decision. Furthermore, the structural forces that hold our nation together, such as the U.S. Constitution, state constitutions, state laws, our federalist system, and the economy, can all be affected in some way by the ACSTO ruling. To accommodate such program funding, federal and state constitutions can be amended, laws can be changed, and the economy can be reshaped, as tax credits up to $500 for donations to groups funding religious schools redistributes much money (Weiss, 2011). The decision could also spur a demographic shift, as families

Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Conflict - Essay Example Some used avoidance while others used competition in conflict resolution. Still others use an accommodation, compromising or collaborating conflict resolution styles. The latter was sociologically effective in eliciting a win-win resolution to situation. A non-assertive collaborator is a silent onlooker of the conflict situation and whose decision can be swayed and be taken advantaged with such helplessness. The person could be influenced to various demands and requests thoughtlessly. Roger (2008) pointed that non-assertive collaborator allow other people to decide for his fate, direction and outcome of living. Roger (2008) explicated that such personality can be depicted as emotionally dishonest, ambivalent, thrives in denial and hindered by inhibitions. In conflict situation, non-assertive collaborator could be easily offended, nervous, and sometimes confused with one’s decision. He could be critical too to the point of ambivalence. Non-assertive person’s gestures are illustrated with shyness or inability to establish eye contacts whenever communicating or there is obvious hesitancy to commit and assume responsibilities or obligations (Roger, 2008). The person is uncertain of his participation in this collaboration, although there is certain level of emotional satisfaction in his involvement in conflict situation management. Depending on the depth of the knowledge and skills of the collaborator, the non-assertive character could susceptibly be understood as a person who weighs issues without aggression and attempts to deal with situation in a calmer and patient management. However, as conflict management requires intellectual impartiality in dealing with conflict situation, decisions require that all accounts of the situations and issues are weighed well to achieve a certain level of justness in the decision-makings (Armstrong, 2004). While hoping to achieve better solution to

Language analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Language analysis - Article Example Yves employs the emotive language all through the article, which arouses the readers’ emotions in every featured experience or event (Sanctuary Australia Foundation, 2011). For illustration, presently Yves contends of suffering from trauma and cries when he remembers the death of his family and refugees who still are in the Kakuma camp. This is also evident in his elaboration regarding how he managed to escape, and arrive in Kenya where on his way he used to pass over dead bodies. He claims that, he was seeing himself dead if it were not for God who helped him. The article does not have a particular format of narration, but utilizes the old mode of story telling design where each paragraph bears a certain experience (Sanctuary Australia Foundation, 2011). Besides, it does not have a primary source but is a personal narration featuring diverse experiences; though from the beginning to the end still maintains its thesis coupled with utilizing pictures in emphasizing the message. This article’s focus entails conveying to the readers dehumanizing experiences, which the refugees normally encounter while in their camps besides having lost their relatives and property. This is regardless of the hosting state claiming to have implemented the necessary security measures meant to ensure their safety, which is contrary (Sanctuary Australia Foundation, 2011). This is because the only people who attack them are the state’s police charged with the responsibility of guaranteeing them with safety. Therefore, compared to their war torn states, the condition do not have much difference except that the refugees are safe during the day. Emotive language in this narration coupled with pictures; mainly emphasize the severe experiences, which the narrator encountered while as a refugee. In each paragraph regarding a certain incidence, the narrator conveys the message in a manner to arouse emotions of the readers. This is via

Product and Brand management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Product and Brand management - Essay Example According to Forbes and Fortune magazine, HSBC is one of the top 100 power brands in the world. Intraday market capitalization of the company is $122.65 billion (Yahoo Finance, 2012). HSBC operates through four business verticals such as commercial banking, investment banking, global private banking and retail banking (HSBC, 2013a). The company has established more than 7,000 offices across 85 countries in the world. As of 31 December 2012, the company had total asset of more than $2.5 trillion (HSBC Holdings Plc, 2013). The study will focus on discussing retail banking services of HSBC in order to analyze its brand image in front of retail customers of UK. The bank offers retail banking services to more than 50 million customers across the globe. Retail banking services of HSBC is comprised of following offerings. The bank offers personal loan and credit card service to retail customers, worldwide acceptance of credit card of HSBC is helpful for retail customers to purchase their favourite items from shops located in different parts of the world. Core values of HSBC is to be resilient, committed, trustworthy, decisive and capable of taking personal accountability for any losses to customers and other stakeholders due to any misleading activity of the bank. Political environment of UK is stable for operating banking and financial services in comparison to other European countries. For example, banking system in UK is controlled by FSA or Financial Services Authority. Stable regulatory environment will help HSBC to expand its operation in UK. Economic system of UK was affected marginally due to sovereign debt crisis where as countries like Greece, Spain, Italy etc were the worst sufferer during the time Euro zone crisis. Comparatively stable economic environment of UK will provide growth opportunity to HSBC. Many British customers have reported their concern over failure of operational security system of HSBC which can help the

Osama Bin Laden Essay Example for Free

Osama Bin Laden Essay When the United States experienced the simultaneous terror attacks on September 11, 2001, our country launched a manhunt for the person whom all data pointed to as the mastermind of the attack, Osama Bin Laden. It began as a manhunt for the most wanted terrorist in the world with the mission of getting him dead or alive and ending the threat of international terrorism. As time went on though, the facts and figures, as well as the slant of the military objectives got derailed and Osama Though not forgotten, is no longer the focal point of the war on terror. There is enough evidence in the president’s interviews to prove that the country is has bungled every aspect of the manhunt and our leaders have lost sight of their original mission objectives and perhaps hope that the reports of Bin laden’s medical condition are true and that it will kill him. Or maybe they are hoping against hope that one of the bombs dropped in the caves of Afghanistan actually killed him. Reports have surfaced saying that Osama is as dead as he can ever be. Although some say he is still hiding out in Pakistan or Afghanistan. Which is which? If he is alive, why has he not released a video recently to the news media? Is it true that he limits his exposure only to the internet these days? Or, is this a sign that he is indeed dead? This is what bothers me the most. The fact that our countries leaders are more concentrated on Iraq, a country that seems hell-bent on imploding instead of insuring the protection of our own country against the threats of Osama and his cohorts. Nobody is bothering to confirm the real status of Bin Laden right now it seems. I guess nobody will and the hunt for him will remain a 2nd priority until the next time American lives are sacrificed in an even larger terror attack. Is Osama alive or dead? I believe that because of the way things are going now in the hunt for this terrorist, nobody will ever find the real answer. America has too many tongs in the fire and cannot really complete any of the war goals that have been set. Bin Laden’s cohorts will continue to try propagate the idea that Bin Laden is alive even if he is dead by any means possible for them. Maybe he is dead, but the world will never really know the truth because there is no real evidence to point to his being alive or dead. America‘s indifference to proving the status of Bin laden will mean that at present, and even in the future, the threat of world terrorism will continue to exist and be felt throughout the free world and Bin Laden will continue to be the terrorism poster boy.

Cause and Effects of Stress in Children Essay Example for Free

Cause and Effects of Stress in Children Essay Stress is a response to a factor or situation that negatively affects the physical, emotional, or psychological existence of a person. Stress is good in small quantities as it motivates a person making him/her more productive. However, too much stress is detrimental to a person. Stress can interfere with the general life of a person. Most people assume that stress only affects adults. However, statistics indicate that stress also affects children. Children face intense pressure from their environment. Continuous stress in children is harmful to their activities, health, and development. There are a number of causes and effects of toxic stress in children. Stress can be caused by both negative and positive situations. Children living in abusive environments, both physical and emotional, experience stress. Arnold wrote that children who are bullied are in continuous state of depression. They, therefore, alienate themselves from their colleagues. Parents who constantly beat their children are also causes of stress. The fear that is manifested in children disorients them. They will not be able to talk about what they feel to anybody but rather keep to themselves. Events such as accidents, loss of loved ones, and rejection are also causes of stress in children. Social change patterns in children cause many stressful situations. Children at puberty yearn for freedom. This creates tension between them and the parents, who are constantly monitoring and regulating their activities. In the same stage, children will constantly be in need of money. Lack of money causes stress in children as they are not always able to buy whatever they may need. They will compare themselves with other children who are in comfortable financial positions. Such children are always anxious and worried of where and how they will get money. Stress in children is not only caused by what happens in their own lives but also by what happens in their parents’ lives. The greatest effects of stress are experienced by the brain. The brain controls all the stress mechanism in the body making it the primary stress organ. Johnson stated that the vulnerability of children’s brain is caused  by the fact that they are constantly growing and developing. Constant stress in children disrupts brain development and compromises its normal function. Research has indicated that children experiencing stress have smaller brains. Toxic stress impairs the connection of brain circuits resulting in development of a smaller brain. Prolonged period of stress in children affects their nervous and immune system. Stress hormones are released when a child is exposed to stress. Cortisol hormones, which are released as a result of stress, suppress the body immune system. This leaves a person vulnerable to diseases and infections. Depression, alcoholism, eating disorders, and chronic diseases are also linked to childhood stress. Psychological effects of stress include changes in personality, aggressiveness, and irritability. Children under stress are likely to experience frustrations and isolation from friends and family. They spend more time on their own and lack motivation. Children may also have difficulty in concentration thereby affecting their academic performance. Children under extreme stress exhibit change in behavior. They may be more disobedient, fight often, stutter, and cry often. In conclusion, stress in children has many causes and effects. The notion that stress only affects adults is wrong. Too much stress, often referred to as toxic stress, is detrimental to the life of a child. Toxic stress affects the physical, emotional, psychological, and social aspects of a child. Even though every child reacts differently under stress, it is clear that stress affects the neural system and the health of a child. Children under stress tend to develop negative characteristics like irritability and disobedience. Research has indicated that there are number of causes of childhood stress which are interrelated. Social change patterns, abusive environment, and stress in parents are just some of the cause of childhood stress.

The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli

The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavellis gift to Lorenzo de Medici, The Prince, is a discourse discussing politics and how a prince should rule his state. Machiavelli describes his beliefs on the most efficient way for a prince to rule and remain in power and validates his arguments by referencing historical examples and using metaphors. One of the most prominent themes of The Prince is fortune. When speaking of fortune, Machiavelli is referring to luck, fate, or chance. He applies this concept to princes and principalities. Fortune can be either useful or advantageous, or it can be harmful or dangerous. Machiavelli believes that fortune controls half of ones life and the other half is controlled by ones own talent. Machiavelli argues that someone can gain power through his own ability or by good fortune. Good fortune could possibly come in the form of being born into power, buying power, or being assigned a governmental position. Machiavelli believes that it is very easy to come into power with fortune but very difficult to come into power with ones own ability. On the other hand, staying in power after acquiring it by fortune is very difficult whereas staying in power after acquiring it by virtue is rather simple. Machiavelli supposes this because people who have come into power with fortune rest simply on the will and fortune of whoever has given a state to them, which are two very inconstant and unstable things. They do not know how to hold and they cannot hold that rank: they do not know how (26). In other words, Machiavelli believes that individuals who acquire their power through fortune are unable to successfully hold their power because they do not have the necessary experience or found ation to effectively lead a state. Machiavelli compares fortune to a powerful and flooding river that inflicts destruction of plants, houses, and valuable resources. Although there is nothing that can be done to stop a raging river already in progress, preventable measures can be taken to ensure that such a river inflicts little to no harm by building dams and barriers. Similarly, fortune demonstrates her power where virtue has not been put in order to resist her and therefore turns her impetus where she knows that dams and dykes have not been made to contain her (98). In the same way that one can prevent a catastrophic river by building dams, a prince should strive to anticipate bad fortune so as to be capable of resisting it when it arrives. Since fortune controls half of ones life and the other half is controlled by ones own skill and ability, Machiavelli believes that, as mentioned before, a successful prince is capable of using his own ability to counteract bad fortune. He analyzes what a prince should do during times of peace so as to be prepared for times of war. His views on this concept are rather simple; a prince should have no other object, nor any other thought, nor take anything else as his art but that of war and its orders and discipline (58). Machiavelli expounds his argument by saying that a prince can prepare for war by exercising his mind and his actions. In order to train the mind, a prince should study past battles, wars, and leaders. Furthermore, in order to exercise his deeds, a prince should go on hunting trips so as to further understand his states land and keep his armies strong. According to Machiavelli, a prince cannot rely too much on fortune and must be able to accomplish tasks through his own prowess. He admits that relying on talent and strength is much more difficult than relying on fortune. Nevertheless, depending on fortune too much can be disastrous because fortune is unpredictable. If a prince who is accustomed to good fortune were to encounter sudden bad fortune, he would be unprepared, thus making the prince susceptible to devastation. Although a prince may resist fortune and instead rely on his own talents, this may still not be sufficient to attain Machiavellis perception of an ideal ruling system. Despite his scholarly and defensible politics, Machiavelli did become rather notorious for this concept because it excludes a heightened sense of morality. Machiavelli argues that a prince or ruler should not depart from good, when possible, but know how to enter into evil, when forced by necessity (70). In other words, Machiavelli believes that a prince must know how to adapt to certain circumstances even to the point of being immoral if it is in the best interest of his principality. Machiavelli states that there are two kinds of combat: one with laws, the other with force (69). He goes on to say that humans are inclined to follow the one with laws whereas animals are inclined to follow the one with force. According to Machiavelli, laws are not adequate enough for a prince effectively lead and therefore, the prince must learn to use force. Because animals are more inclined towards force, Machiavelli asserts that a truly effective ruler will become like animals. He draws attention to the fox and the lion. A fox is unable to protect itself from wolves and the lion is unable to protect itself from traps whereas a fox can detect traps and a lion can fight off wolves. Thus leading to Machiavellis conclusion; if a prince became like a lion and a fox then he would truly be a great ruler. The harsh realities that Machiavelli presents are contrary to what most people regard as virtuous or honorable. However, he believes that a truly virtuous prince is one who is willing to compromise his morals and do everything that is deemed necessary for the welfare of his state. Although beneficial for the principality, this may prove to be a problem for the prince because the inhabitants of his principality may not be satisfied if they learn of any immoralities or dishonesties the prince may have committed. This discontent may compel the public to dislike the prince. Therefore, Machiavelli cautions princes and rulers to always appear to be virtuous to the public. He even gives an example to prove that he is indeed correct in his assertion. He states that Alexander VI never did anything, nor ever thought of anything, but how to deceive men, and he always found a subject to whom he could do it (70). Furthermore, Machiavelli explains how the public should perceive a prince regarding certain traits. One particular quality that Machiavelli mentions is generosity. Machiavelli explains that generosity is obviously perceived as virtuous but a prince must remain careful so as not to gain a reputation of generosity. He argues that if a prince gains a reputation of generosity then he will be compelled to use his resources in order to keep that reputation. If, however, he were to try to liberate himself from a generous reputation, he would be perceived as parsimonious, thus causing hatred from the public and likely weakening him or even leading to his downfall. Another major topic that Machiavelli discusses regards whether it is better for a leader to be feared or loved. Machiavelli explains that since men love at their own convenience and fear at the convenience of the prince, a wise prince should found himself on what is his, not on what is someone elses (68). Machiavelli supports his contention by analyzing human nature. According to Machiavelli, people will always fear punishment regardless of the circumstances. On the other hand, if a prince is loved rather than hated, people will be more willing to disregard a connection of love for their personal benefit. However, as mentioned before, Machiavelli believes that a prince cannot be hated by the public. Therefore, a prince must ensure that he is feared but not hated. In summary, Machiavelli believes that ones ability controls half of his life and the other half is controlled by fortune. In order to be an effective leader, a prince must not become too reliant on good fortune and must overcome any obstacles that arise by using his own talents. Additionally, the prince must use his abilities to anticipate bad fortune so as to be prepared to combat it when it arrives. Furthermore, a prince must truly love and be virtuous to his country. He must love his country enough so as to be willing to employ certain vices such as cruelty, frugality, and deception. He must be feared and respected by the public but he must ensure that he is not hated. Machiavelli believes that if a prince or a ruler were to follow all of his recommendations and admonitions then that prince would surely be able to attain magnificence and be able to preserve his principality.

The New Immigration in American History :: American America History

The New Immigration in American History In 1886 the statue of "Liberty Enlightening the World," a gift from the people of France, was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland. Set at the entrance to New York, the statue was just in time to greet the biggest migration in global history. Between 1880 and World War I, about 22 million men, women, and children entered the United States. More than a million arrived in each of the years 1905, 1906, 1907, 1910, 1913, and 1914. Not everyone had to travel in steerage. Passengers who could afford the expense paid for first- or second-class quarters. Upon arrival these immigrants were examined by courteous officials who boarded the ships at anchor. But those in steerage were sent to a holding center for a full physical and mental examination. The facility at Ellis Island which opened in 1892 could process up to 5,000 people a day. On some days between 1905 and 1914 it had to process more than 10,000 immigrants a day. Many arrivals had left their homelands to escape mobs who attacked them because of their ethnicity, religion, or politics. The German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman (Turkish) empires ruled over many different peoples and nationalities and often cruelly mistreated them. Until 1899, U.S. immigration officials asked arrivals which nation they had left, not their religion or ancestry. So oppressed people were listed under the countries from which they fled. Armenians who escaped from Turkey were recorded as Turks, and Jews who had been beaten by mobs in Russia were listed as Russians. This so called "new immigration" was different in many other ways from previous immigration. For the first time, Catholic an Jewish immigrants outnumbered Protestants, and still other arrivals were Muslims, Buddhists, or Greek or Russian Orthodox church members. Until 1897, 90 percent of all overseas immigrants had come from Protestant northern and western Europe. Many of these nations had democratic traditions and education systems. Even among the poor, many had spent a few years in school or had acquired some industrial skills on the job, and more than a few spoke English. Many of these men and women settled in agriculture regions of the Untied States.

The Great Depression in America :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Depression of 1929-33 was the most severe economic crisis of modern times. Millions of people lost their jobs, and many farmers and businesses were bankrupted. Industrialized nations and those supplying primary products which were all affected in one way or another. In Germany the United States industrial output fell by about 50 per cent, and between 25 and 33 per cent of the industrial labor force was unemployed. The Depression was eventually to cause a complete turn-around in economic theory and government policy. In the 1920s governments and business people largely believed, as they had since the 19th century, that prosperity resulted from the least possible government intervention in the domestic economy, from open international relations with little trade discrimination, and from currencies that were fixed in value and readily convertible. Few people would continue to believe this in the 1930s.The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, It was the longest and most severe depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world. Though the U.S. economy had gone into depression six months earlier, the Great Depression may be said to have begun with a catastrophic collapse of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. During the next three years of the U.S. government stock continue to fall, until by late 1932 they had dropped to only about 20 percent of their value in 1929. Besides ruining many thousands of individual investors, this precipitous decline in the value of assets greatly strained banks and other financial institutions, particularly those holding stocks in their portfolios. Many banks were consequently forced into insolvency; by 1933, 11,000 of the United States' 25,000 banks had failed. Many people thought that it was the governments fault for bringing this together. It also became clear that there had been serious over-production in agriculture, leading to falling prices and a rising debt among farmers. The Depression spread rapidly around the world because the responses made by governments were flawed. When faced with falling export earnings they overreacted and severely increased tariffs on imports, thus further reducing trade. Moreover, since deflation was the only policy supported by economic theory at the time, the initial response of every government was to cut their spending. As a result consumer demand fell even further.

Philosophy Of Composition Essay -- essays research papers fc

Poe’s Composition of the Raven   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgar Allen Poe describes in great detail, his poem â€Å"The Raven†, in The Philosophy of Composition. Never before had I been able to read a poet describe in his own philosophy of making a poem. Poe goes in deep context and meaning to how he derives the story line to his poem. He explains what significance the raven plays in the poem and the beauty of his intent in the poem. Poe, first thought of an impression or effect he would like to suppress upon the reader. In this case, he chose beauty as the sole intent of his poem. Second he wanted to find a tone, which would express his view of beauty throughout the poem. His choice of tone was sadness because he believed beauty â€Å"excites the sensitive soul to tears† (1575). He also wanted...

Teachers Behavioral Attitude and Its Effect on Students Academic Performance

Section 1 1. 0 Introduction Learning is a lifetime process. Continues learning equips one as a student with a larger mastery of knowledge, a broader understanding of facts, a larger repository of wisdom, and a better insight on life that will make better individual responsible and upright human beings. On process of learning, students or learner is the center of education. Studying their different aspects of a student and their ways on attaining such goals will be of great impotance. As such, the extent of student’s learning in academics may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicate lesser learning. However, many experiences and studies found out that there are also several factors that would account for the grades. No single factor can be definitely pointed out as predicting grades. It has been interplay of so many factors – gender, daily allowance, social status, time and interest. In fact, almost all of existing environmental and personal factors are a variable of academic performance. Measuring of academic performance of students is challenging since student performance is a product of socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors. However, base on Bradley's (1978) hypothesis that the individual are motivated to take credit for their successes and to deny responsibility for their failures in order to protect or enhance their self-esteem. Hence Bradley notes that students’ rating is a function of both their attitude and the interaction between them and their teachers. This may be in the sense as suggested by Meighan (1978) that the students perceived teaching as more important than learning and teachers' activity as more central than pupils'. This of course contradicts the official rhetoric of educational writing and debate that makes the claims for the pupils' welfare as the central focus, Meicghan argues further(Meighan 1978,86). Goos (1982) also found out that many students over the years develop a negative attitude not only to school and subject materials, but also to teachers in general. Such students often find it difficult to relate to teachers and more often they attribute many of their difficulties to â€Å"poor teaching† and â€Å"rotten Instructors† (Goos 1982,121). Base on the above assertions, this study therefore aims at finding the factors, which are responsible for student’s inelastic behavior towards study along with identifying those factors, which help a student to make progress in his studies with specific emphasis on teachers’ behavioral attitudes as it affects students’ academic performance. . 1 statement of problem On attaining Independence status as a nation in 1960 what seemed a major concern to most Nigerian leaders then was how education would be accessible to all citizens of the newly created nation. Education was seen as the necessary instrument immediately and essentially for the consolidation of the independence, for securing the new nation against neocolonialism and for making workable the newly establishe d self government in a multi-ethnic society. Mass education, at least to the level of literacy, was also seen by the Nigerian leaders to be necessary to create a proper foundation for a democratic government (Best, 1984) The desire to use education for nation building was (and is still) very compelling and so much was the faith in education that the schools of the nation were not only meant for political socialization but also for other social functions like education and for economic growth. Despite the commendable motives which seemed to justify the very â€Å"high cost of the expanded education programmed of the late Nigeria, most Command schools in Nigeria are not really effective engines for the diverse functions for which they are set up. The performance of the schools as attested to by the academic performances of the students especially at the secondary school level have been rather very disappointing. The situation actually tends towards threatening the future of the schools. Apart from command schools, the reports of the many studies and surveys (for example, the 1980-1984 Statistics of Education by the Federal Ministry of Education, Lagos report published in the Times Publication (Nigeria) of September 15, 2006 and the one in the Nigerian Guardian of February 2, 2009) and the many recent editorials in many Nigerian dairy newspapers all point to the academic performances of Nigerian secondary school students which have been on the decline for some times now. This declining trend has become a concern for the researcher. As a matter of fact many soldiers living in the Barracks would rather prefer to enroll their children in to civilian schools than to send them to command schools at a relatively cheaper rate. The failure of command schools is thus indicating that the health and the well-being of the future of these schools may be in jeopardy. It therefore becomes a concern to the researcher as to the reason why students’ performance have been in continuous decline despite the improvements and advances learning facilities that are now available in our age. Although the researcher may not be able to cover a larger portion of the subject matter’ he however hopes that this study will expose him to a larger scope for future research. 1. 2purpose of study During the past several years a number of valuable studies have been added to existing body of knowledge developing various models to assess the student performance however most of the studies relied on the advanced developed societies as their setting. This study therefore aims at 1. Determining the factors that affect the academic performance of secondary school student specifically in our context and particularly in Command secondary schools. 2. Determining the effects of teachers’ behavioral attitude on academic performance of students. 3. Determine to prefer possible ways in which students’ academic performance can be improved through a healthy teacher-student relationship. 4. And finally to quantify the relationship between the different factors that are considered responsible or affecting the students’ performance and also providing bases for further researches regarding student performance. . 3scope of study This study focuses on investigating teachers' behavioral attitude and its effects on students’ academic performance. The scope of this work will be limited to three command secondary schools in Lagos. A survey will be conducted to collect information and responses of students, and teachers regarding factors affecting their p erformance. However it should be understood that the researchers would not by any means try to cover all the ariables that can influenced students’ academic performance hence the focus is on investigating teachers’ behavioral attitudes and how it can affect the education and performance of students according to needs and requirements. Literatures will also be reviewed on different factors that are expected to influence the student performance. 1. 4Significance The major contribution of this study lies in the demonstration of a large impact of the role of teachers on students’ performance. The researcher also believes that by focusing on different factors that influence students' performance, this will help teachers to improve on students’ academic performance by creating a healthy students-teachers relationship This study will also act as an antidote for the researcher who hopes to be a lecturer in command schools in future hence it will guide him on how to develop his character so as to make relevant impact on the students whom he will be opportune to teach. It will also serve as an addition to existing literatures in the library 1. 5Limitation of Studies As it is often said, â€Å"there is no perfect research† so it may likely be with this research work. It is important to note that there are several factors that can affect a students’ academic performance. To embark on such a scope of work is still beyond the researcher’s capacity at this level hence only a single factor among the numerous factors that affects students academic performance will be researched into. Base on this the researcher will have to recommend other areas for other people to research into or may have to further research into them in the future. It is also possible that some of the factors that have received significant attention in existing literatures will prove to be only weakly related to student performance in this study. Section 2 2. 0 Literature Review 2. 1 Introduction Education is the most essential factor and the pride of every nation. As such the future of any country is greatly determined by the quality of its educational sector. But it is rather unfortunate that the educational system of Nigeria today seem to have been just a caricature of what it ought to be. This has been blamed on a number of factors such as poor instructional strategies by the teachers. That is, the students probably perceived teachers' instructional strategies or generally the teacher-pupil relationship or inter action through the medium of instruction more importantly for their academic success than any other school-related factor presented to them. The emotional climate for learning provided by the teacher whether in the attitude or considered by the student will be more highly valued than any other factor in the school which may have effect on the academic achievement. Hence the researcher will in this chapter review literatures on factors that affect students performance. 2. 2 Students-Teachers Relationship and effects on Academic Performance All of the research reviews support the hypothesis that student performance depends on different socio-economic, psychological, environmental factors. The findings of research studies focused that student performance is affected by different factors such as learning abilities because new paradigm about learning assumes that all students can and should learn at higher levels but it should not be considered as constraint because there are other factors like race, gender, sex that can affect student’s performance. (Hansen, Joe 2000). Some of the authors even tried to explain the link between students achievements, economic circumstances and the risk of becoming a drop-out that proved to be positive (Goldman, N. Haney, W. , and Koffler, McDill, E. , 1989, Levin, H. , 1986) B. A Chansarkar and A. Mishaeloudis (2001), explained the effects of age, qualification distance from learning place etc. on student performance. On the contrary, Yvonne argue that the performance of students on the module is not affected by such factors as age, sex and place of residence but is associated with qualification in quantitative subjects. It is als o found that those who live near the school perform better than other students. Yvonne Beaumont Walters, kola soyibo,(1998) further elaborated that student performance is very much dependent on socio economic back ground as per their statement, High school students’ level of performance is with statistically significant differences, linked to their gender, grade level, school location, school type, student type and socio-economic background. Kirby, Winston et al. (2002) focused on student’s impatience (his time-discount behavior) that influences his own academic performance. Goethe found out that weak students do better when grouped with other weak students. As implied by Zajonc’s analysis of older siblings (1976,27) it shows that students’ performance improves if they are with the students of their own kind. There are often different results by gender, (Hoxby’2000, 96). Sacerdote (2001) finds that grades are higher when students have unusually academically strong room-mates. The results of Zimmerman (1999, 2001) were somewhat contradictory to Goethe idea but again it proved that students performance depends on number of different factors, it says that weak peers might reduce the grades of middling or strong students. (Alexander, Gur et al. 974; Fraser, Beamn et al. 1977) explained that some of the practices adopted by college administration in higher education like residential colleges or organized study groups also help to increases performance. Keeping in view all of the variables discussed by authors one discovers that they are just uncountable factors and projections that have been made regarding students academic performance. Again Maclean's (1966) claim is consisted with this view in the statement that poor teaching methods and too much emphasis on unrealistic curricular objectives and contents may cause emotional block to learning. . 3 School Characteristics that Affects Students Academic Performance School-related characteristics which seem to have been ranked more highly than any other, is inade quate resource materials for teaching. Although this group of characteristics was ranked as number one by the many authors this nevertheless is an indication that the respondents of this study perceived this group of characteristics as the one that affect pupil academic performance the most. Inadequate resource materials for teaching are indeed a major problem in Nigeria. A Nigerian Times Publication of September 15, 1990 reported findings of a research commissioned by the World Bank and the British Overseas Development Administration stating that many institutions in Nigeria do not make available to school pupils textbooks, appropriate reading materials, library and laboratory facilities. The perception of a situation of this nature as having the most effect on pupil academic performance or as responsible for the high rate of academic failures among students is supported by Maclean's (1966, 32) who claim that difficulties expressed by failing students may be due to lack of material information for learning. A supposedly learning environment devoid of necessary learning materials will definitely result into learning difficulty and hence failure by the learner. Section 3 3. 0 Methodology 3. 1Introduction In this chapter the researcher will present the method that will be used in the course of this work. Amongst which is the population, sampling, procedure, validity, methods of data analysis and the administration of instruments. The researcher will use the descriptive method to gather data on how the behavioral attitude of teachers can affects the academic performance of students. To achieve his goal, the researcher will employ both the primary and secondary methods of data collection. For the primary method, questionnaires will be developed and distributed amongst teachers and students of three selected school in the army command secondary schools. Meanwhile, the secondary method of data collection will be based on review of literature in the libraries. Views of various authors will be examined and analyzed so as to understand their opinions on the subject matter. 3. 2 Research Instruments In order to sample the opinions of the targeted audience, the researcher will employ the primary method of data collection. Interview questions will be framed and questionnaires designed by the researcher and modified by the supervisor to sort the desired goal. A total of 120 questionnaires will be designed to sample the opinions of respondents. The questionnaires will be distributed in equal proportion to both teachers and students of the three selected command secondary schools in Lagos. Meanwhile the oral interview will be conducted only among the principles of these schools. 3. 3 Research Designs The questionnaires will be divided into three major parts. The first part will aim at collecting personal data of the respondents. The second part will contain major questions demanding for the respondents’ opinions on the subject matter. The questionnaire will comprise both structured and unstructured questions. The unstructured (open-ended) questions will enable the respondents to freely express their own opinions without being guided by anyone. 3. 4Administration of the Instrument Being a soldier who has lived and served in some of these schools, the researcher has obtained permission from the authorities that are to carry out this research work in command secondary schools. The principles of these schools and some teachers have also promise to give their maximum support to enable the researcher achieve his goal hence; the researcher will personally with the assistance of the principles administer the questionnaires to the respondents. 3. 5 Validity and Reliability of the Instrument. To ensure the authenticity and credibility of the instruments, the researcher with the assistance of the supervisor will carefully and designed the instrument so as to enable the respondents to express their minds without biases. 3. 6 Population of Study The population of study in this work will constitute of three selected ommand secondary schools in Lagos among who are students, teachers, and the principles. It this these group of person whose opinions will be sample in this work. 3. 7 Population Sampling The researcher will target one hundred and twenty (120) persons from the three selected schools. Out of the total population, the researcher will sample the opinions of t en(10) teachers including the principal of each of the schools. Meanwhile the rest of the questionnaires will be served only to final class students of the schools- thirty (30) questionnaires to each class of the three schools. The researcher believes that these classes of persons are mature enough and so will be able to respond to the questions wisely. REFERENCES Bacharach, S. B. Bauer, 1986. The work, environment and the school. Teachers College Record. USA Winner Press. Best, J. H. 1984 Reforming America's schools: the high risks of failure. USA. Teachers College Bradley, G. W. 1978. Self-serving biases in the attribution process: a re-examination of the fact or fiction question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Chansarkar B. A. and A. Michaeloudis 2001. Student profiles and factors affecting performance New Jessie math. educ. sci. technol. Int. Gordon c. Winston, David 2000. Student Performance and Student Growth as measure of success: New Orleans, Louisiana. The American Educational Research Association, Little, L. F. and Thompson, R. 1983. Truancy: how parents and teachers contribute. ________ Lockheed, M. E. and Komenan, A. 1989. Teaching quality and student achievement in Africa: the case of Nigeria and Swaziland. Nigeria. Emann Press Ltd MacLean, I. C. 1966. Child Guidance and the School. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. Marsh, H. W, 1985. Self-serving effect (bias? ) in academic attribution: its relationship to academic achievement and self-concept. Journal of Educational Psychology in Nigeria. Meighan, R. 1978. A pupils' eye view of teaching performance. Educational Review. Nigeria. National Open University. Okebukola, P. A. and Jegede, O. J. 1989. Determinants of occupational stress among teachers in Nigeria. Ilorin. Educational Studies Dpt Reinhart, M. H. 1976. Children -in conflict: education strategies for the emotionally disturbed and behaviourally disordered child. Mosby, St. Louis. Sacerdote, Bruce. 2001. Peer effects with random assignment: results for dartmouth roommates The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol12 Rowe, K. J. and Sykes, J. 1959. The impact of professional development on teachers self conception. Teaching and Teacher Education. Kenya. Max Inc. Thompson, S. and Standfort, D. (1975). Student attendance and absenteeism. The Practioner Wehlace, G. G. and Rutter, R. A. 1985 . Dropping out: how much do school contribute to the problem. Teachers College Record. U. S. A. Boxter Press

Movie Review on the movie entitled “Hook” Essay

light beam has completely forgotten his forward incarnation, which is probably just as easy(p) for his career. Not umteen high rollers would devote the fate of an unfriendly corporate consentover to a fellow who has a facial expressionkick named Tinkerbell and as a earthborn opp anent a sword-buckled pirate with a hasp for a hand.Vincent Canby, 1991Steven Spielbergs cinema em office staff come up was dig goat gods future manner. The director showed the life of scape go after his ended difference of opinion with his mortal enemy, tribal chief court. hawkshaw matrimonial Wendys grand daughter solely still have a totality towards Wendy. After a long consequence of beat without seeing each other, nib and Wendy reunited again to reminisce the parenthesis plainly mother fucker did non think of sea captain entraps new dash of revenge to capture his children as a favor to his presence in the never Land.According to Hal Hin countersign, diddle is the story of proscriptions redemption its an prodigal fable about how Banning recovers his past as slit go, saving himself and his family by (please excuse the psychobabble) reclaiming his inner child. Its a 90s pictorial matter to the bone, yet a nonher righteous les password for our measure. Its in like manner great enjoyment magnanimous, splashy, energetic, one-size-fits-all Hollywood entertainment. in that respect are contrary symbolisms, im seasons, and ironies that emerged and developed all without the mental picture. Spielbergs way of depicting the adult display case of Peter goat god showed his effectivitys as a hero and weaknesses as a person. Tinkerbelles firm character towards Peter cooking pan became the movement how Peter came back to his home. Wendy has vainglorious out of date provided she feels every side that happens when it comes to the presence of Hook and other near(a) deal from Peters world. Wendy, Tinkerbelle, and Peter Pan are all photo of fabricated touchableity that make its in an ideal and real world.The same honest-to-god room where Wendy and Peter met still exists in this movie. It centre that in that respect is still some occasion to happen beneath the big window of this room. Here is where Peters children capture and goes to the Never Land. Peter already forgot how to fly, which seemed to be his greatest armor against his enemies. However, through Tinkerbelles help, he soon recognizes his life during his childishness that led him to restore his power ad ability to fly. This movie to a fault showed the real feelings of Tinkerbelle towards Peter Pan.She loved him so dearly that is why she is still loyal to Peter from his younger years up to the moment they meet again. For me, it shows that Peter anguish is the ideal man to die a partner of every woman. However, he is not a man of perfection because he could not able to raise his children with wound up attachment. He thinks that by giving them a acce ptable life will yield him the credit of be a good provider. Peters existence alike busy with his work tends to for get his childrens emotional needs. This scenario shows the battle between being human and extra human being.When Peter came to Never Land, the division of children and adults was depicted. Childrens side is don to be the good ones plot of ground the adults side is the opposite the bad ones. condescension of the fact that children in this movie know how to defend themselves, they have no red armors within them during the time of battle. It shows that the director is light-sensitive to the limitation of its audiences, which mostly are children. at that place are two significant sports that were seen in the movie basket lout is the traditional support in Never Land sequence base musket ball emerged to become the popular plunk for in the modern period. However, the director showed that baseball was play by the pirates, which core that there is an incorpor ation of new tradition to the old tradition to justify the difference of the two periods.The symbolisms of watch, collar, play-doh nutrient, and the baseball and basketball ball played an important role to the characters establishment as well as the storys resolution. The watch symbolizes time. The part where Captain Hook destroyed the watches and clock with the help of Peters son illustrated the impeding of time in their lodge. I have seen the reason why Peters son also destroyed the clocks is because of his fathers lack of time towards him, her mother, and his sister.It does not rightfully that there is a crocodile, which Hooks worst enemy aside from Peter Pan but a justification of devastate the transformation of age. At the end of the movie, Captain Hook was seen to be old like Peter Pan. His wig covers his white hair as a representation of old age. Steven Spielbergs summit of view to describe Peter Pans adulthood and the c at a timept of being old wanted to convey that ev eryone gets old and there is no escape with that. lone(prenominal) the memory will obtain childhood through reminiscence of the past.The hook symbolizes strength and weaknesses in both occurrences. According to the Facts of Piracy, a pirate who lost one of his torso parts whether a finger, a hand, a foot, an eye, or a limb office that he is already incapable of doing things. This shows Captain Hook is incapable of doing things around him. It means that he is not a trusty and powerful professional at all, which is an caustic remark of his character where everyone treats him as a business leader of all the pirates.It was seen that despite of power that lies within his men, he is a man of nowhere. He is nothing as what a accepted pirate depicts. That is why every time Hook and Peter Pan take their battle, Hook always kneels unto Peters feet not to kill him for he is nothing but an abusive and injustice pirate of his period. Because of this, Captain Hooks hook was his only armor to hide his incapableness and immoral personification of king and master of all pirates in the Never Land.The play-doh forage that was seen in the part when Peter and the children of his fellowship are eating their colorful food symbolizes childhood. Robin Williams as Peter Pan showed his life during his childhood when there is no problem, pain, and sorrow only enjoyment, simple(a) happiness that represents the Never lands simple way of living.The baseball and basketball ball signifies circle of life. Peters son always played this ball not only because it was his favorite game but it also represents the wheel of survival and living. There are ups and downs, failure and success, happiness and sadness, and discontent and contentment. All these experiences mould us to become kick downstairs individuals like Spielberg has conveyed in his movie. It means that life is like a ball in whether situation it may be we can always feel ups and downs in rounded tops of life.Marjorie Baumg arten stated that Hook breaks the cardinal convention of J.M. Barries never-failing fantasy it grows up. It is true in erratum sense because Spielberg made his main characters Hook and Peter Pan grow old. However, he had justified all his thoughts and arguments as well as the reasons why he showed Peter Pan adult life. It seems that it is a video of social reality that everyone needs to understand. It is also good enough to show the children audiences that no person lived in young forever and a day for there is not such thing as this concept. Despite of the fact that this movie is a fiction, Spielberg showed that literature is the mirror of the society that everyone needs to live according to the rule of life.Spielberg showed what he wanted to convey in his movie. It is a simple justification of age transformation that can happen to Peter Pan once he grows old. Spielberg did not insist of impose that this is the truth screw Peter Pans future but an option or survival to look after if we think of the presumable life of Peter Pan once he became a mortal being. In terms of effects, costumes, setting, and characters, Spielberg set up the scenarios into a better situation to show the true meaning and essence of Peter Pans personality and life after breach his immortal being.The whole movie tackles one thing Peter Pans existence in reality and his depiction of life as a mortal character. There are some flaws that exist but they are not really significant to the development of the character and the resolution. It shows that this movie is not perfect but it has established the important things and arguments that are needed to be discussed. As a whole, the movie is good in terms of technicalities and the directors justification to his claim but in terms of breaking the traditional post towards Peter Pan immortal being is somehow hard to accept because many of us already live in a realization that Peter Pan does not transform into a multiplex and unfamilia r person.Works CitedHinson, Hal. 11 declination 1991. Hook. Washington Post. 27 February 2008. http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/hookpghinson_a0a725.htmCanby, Vincent. 11 December 1991. Hook (1991) Review/ carry Peter as a old Master of the Universe. New York Times. 27 February 2008. http//movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?_r=2&res=9D0CEEDD133EF932A25751C1A967958260&oref=slogin&oref=loginBaumgarten, Marjorie. 13 December 1991. Hook. Austin Chronicles. 27 February 2008. http//www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/ schedule/Film?Film=oid%3a139216Wilczyski, Krzysztof. (2008). Facts on Piracy. 27 February 2008. http//www.piratesinfo.com/detail/detail.php?article_id=57

Marketing Plan: Product and Performance Essay

Executive SummaryMobility, latest trends and technologies are three most significant factors that customer seek today when they walk-in in an electronic item’s outlet. Years before the journey of technology started out from the calculator the most basic computer as we call it. Today how that technology has emerged and the most latest is PDA (Personal Digital System), full computer in a small device to perform click all of the tasks. New Nokia Mobile phone has all the features of a desktop computer, no need of a laptop.You get your product to begin with.The english major source in use during cricket matches, exercising in the morning and during traveling for work or school. 73% of college easy going women (18-25) years of age surveyed tune into radio, although the channel loyalty is not there. The most frequent listening occurs after dinner time.This is different from male portable radio listeners as the FM channels are replacing cassettes as a music source while driving, o ther survey shows that second one of the popular source of music are the FM stations, FM 89, 91 and 106.Finding the demographics of your target marketplace will permit you to good tailor the launch strategy to the folks.

180 million), 16.667% of Pakistanis are young. Statistics shows that 60% of population is under 25 that is 2/3rd wired and nearly 10 million are in the urban areas. GEN X and GEN Y is the most experienced  and accessed generation in the human history.A merchandise is a new product procured or produced by the business to meet with the requirements of the customer.Our Secondary objective is to make good profits and make few more products like this with working hand in hand with the fashion and our way would be walking extract from earrings to necklaces, bracelets and other fashion accessories.Marketing ResearchMethods of Data collection:Basically there are two methods of data collection:1) Primary Data2) Secondary DataPrimary Data Collection:Primary available Data is that data which is collected specifically for the project at hand. The primary data for our assignment resulted from the unstructured interviews that we conducted from different many friends and family members and also many strangers.Secondary Data Collection:Secondary Data is that data, which has already been collected for some other purpose but can be used as reference material.The aim is getting your product into the industry although delivery methods vary widely based on the product.

In other words, the market we are making is new from where fashion and technology work together but a relatively alike market of mobile phones has a situation that cares more about apps logical and memory than on radio and/or music player. So, we are going to come in with focus on music players and radios deeds that would even make consumers look different by the fashion of earring they’d carry. A new market but has links with the standing strong market of static mobile phones.The ProductIntroduction of product:Now days, mobility is becoming an important factor in electronic devices.A superb product isnt simple to define since itll mean things.Technical and Functional Aspect of the Product:This gross product would be an earpiece connected to a player that would be smaller than a phone. Both the devices would be connected via Bluetooth. Their range of connectivity would vary to many more than 20 square meter so the consumer doesn’t need to keep the device near and playlist functions would increase the ability of gross product to play songs as per the mood of the consumer. Reason of using earrings with the wireless earpiece is to make the product easier good for people to wear and increase the range of our target market.To start with, youre mindful of how much it costs to create your merchandise.

Issue: How to identify the potential outlets?Mission statement:â€Å"We are the followers of the latest trend we strongly believe that fashion develops, we provide the best and quality is never compromised. Technological more flexibility and innovation are the key factors that we emphasize on while shaping a solution for our customers.† Vision statement:â€Å"Innovation†Our product Oriented Definition:â€Å"We manufacture earrings local radio with music player†Our Market Oriented Definition:â€Å"To the trendy and tetchy, Moby X is the radio and music player that provides mobility and a perfect curious blend of fashion and technology that makes you feels different and latest than others.†Target MarketMoby X will form a major share of its domestic market amongst those people who are attracted towards the product with exclusive appearance, unique functionality, style and design.Describe the way your target marketplace free will get your merchandise and also how youll market your goods.The mini chip radio and music player in the earrings itself is fascinating and will communicate on its own towards the people who are engrossed through mini products.Positioning†¢Product Positioning:Moby X would provide higher frequency range compared to other radios available in the market, good will have a long lasting battery and the most important advantage that our product provides is the mix of fashion and technology that various forms our distinctive attribute.Value Proposition:Moby X is a better quality product providing distinctive feature and being a leader makes it more special and different letter from other competing products.  LAPCO using latest Japanese technologies is most reliable and durable.In the product description, you should explain what product or your service is, the particular thrust of apply your strategy and the strategies thatll be used to do your own objectives.

†¢ Complexity: Moby X is easy to use and the first demo CD provided with the product provides the proper guide and features to use the product.†¢ Divisibility: Moby X is an expensive product and initially no discounted rates can be offered.†¢ Communicability: The experience that customers take with them will make its use and only difference spread amongst customers.Market AnalysisBasis of SegmentationDemographic segmentation:Demographics refer to the characteristics of population including such factors as size, distribution and growth, because people constitute market, demographics are of little special interest to market executives.In the end, it is not mysterious and youll be able position to promote your company or to manage a person to deal with advertising for you once you understand how pieces fit together.Any one lying in the income bracket of Rs 50,000+ can afford this productPsychographic Segmentation:The psychographics of the Moby X can be analyzed by r eviewing the advertisement. The lifestyle shown in Moby X advertisements portray successful, sophisticated, professional women who are active energetic and full of life. Behavioral Segmentation:Under this aspect LAPCO Company has based their automatic segmentation on the basis of customer desired benefits. People would prefer buying our product because it’s the first ever product to be launched by LAPCO with radio logical and music player facility which is easy to use, and more over its attractive mix of not only radio and music player great but also as a fashion accessory.The plan has to be accessible to any employee at any given moment.

Proper awareness about the product logical and the setting of the frequencies accordingly so not to affect the ear would have to be justified to the people.Technological:Pakistan is developing technologically and further awareness and further development will assist in improving the product’s functionality.Competitor AssessmentCOMPETITOR ANALYSISMoby X is competing in portable media industry.Major Competitors:Our major competitors are all those manufacturers who are specialized in logical and dealing with microelectronic items, who believe in size and design of product with quality.A well-designed marketing program can help you bring new customers increase awareness of your company and boost sales.COMPETITIVE STRATEGIESDifferentiation:Moby X is an innovation in the arena of radios and all kinds of classical music players. It gives connectivity to the outside world in a way that adds value and beauty to the face.Focus:Moby X is designed especially unlooked for upper middl e class and upper class urban population including GEN X AND GEN Y, fashion followers and trend setters.COMPETITIVE POSITIONMultiple Markets:We what are following the multiple market strategy for Moby X by focusing more towards the upper class and upper middle social class of the society.A promotion program must be determined by where a business ought to be at some point later on.

Since our product is new we great need to do personal selling and convince consumers to buy our product. Then eventually as we gain a foot hold in the market we will have retailers selling our product.Marketing StrategyMARKETING MIXPRODUCT CLASSIFICATION:Moby X is broadly classified as consumer product and under this category we define it as a own specialty product because it is a perfect mix of style and technology. It involves strong brand preference and loyalty, special purchase efforts by consumers, little comparison of brands and low price sensitivity.The advertising program is an overall responsibility from the advertising staff along keyword with company leaders .It includes 3 years’ money back warranty and a pair of fabulous earrings along with the product. Customers are encouraged to fair share their views about the buying experience of the product and after sale experience through surveys conducted at the outlets. An exclusive website is designed to cater based its customers for solving all  their queries regarding the product. Online purchasing service is also available.Face it is a chore.

3 years (Limited) Warranty.Size – (1/3x 1/3 x 3/8) mm is the size of radio chip. 30 x 20 x 5 mm is the size of the earring. Weight – 1/2 oz is the low weight of the earring radio.Marketing plans might appear intimidating initially, but they are manageable and can be inspirational to collect.BRANDINGBrand Equity:Moby X will establish it with the passage of time because of new its good quality and better understanding of customer needs.Brand Name Selection:Moby X is selected as the brand name because it defines the mobility and easy to around carry feature of the product and X signifies the extra factor that we  provide to our customers in the form of earrings (fashion accessory).Brand Sponsorship:LAPCO is manufacturer’s brand.Brand Development:No extension.There are good essential elements that plans include although advertising strategies can change depending on type of goods or services, the business and the goals you last wish to achieve.

Free demo CD is also given. Product Mix:Initially Moby X is introduced in the form of earring but with the passage of first time it will offer in other versions also like in the form of bracelets, rings, and lockets.Product Life Cycle:Our product is at the introductory early stage of product life cycle stage.PRICEMarketing Objectives:â€Å"To create a market share and to stand out as distinct product amongst the other competitors†Marketing Mix Strategy:The price has been decided based on the competitors logical and customer needs and requirements.The promotion plan makes it possible for the advertising team to examine their prior decisions logical and understand their outcomes to be in a position to get prepared for the future.PRODUCT PRICING STRATEGYComparing competitor’s pricingCompetitorPriceSinclair XI Button RadioRs. 2304.93FM Mini Radios Rs.719.3500.PLACEMENTThe product would be sold through â€Å"Indirect Marketing Intermediary†. The product will be sold through push strategy that is product would be first distributed to the wholesalers and then to retailer. The retailers would assist in creating contact with the other retailers which would expand the network and add value.

Newspaper:Moby X is an expensive and new product. There is need to create awareness amongst people that such a product exists. ‘Dawn’ newspaper would be a better choice to advertise being one for the most popular newspapers in Pakistan. A full page would be dedicated to advertise the product providing  a detail know how of the features and distinctive attributes.Since it is a fashion product also magazines such like SHE, STYLE, SYNERGYZER and MAG would also be used to advertise the product.Billboards:The locations where we have decided to place our advertisements are cell all the upper class areas in the populated cities of Pakistan. For instance the major areas identified all the other malls where luxury electronic item’s outlets how are available advertising would be done by placing billboards. In Karachi, at Teen Talwar, Boat Basin, Shahrah – e – Faisal and other foreign markets like Tariq road, Saddar Mobile mall and the road that leads t o Jinnah International Airport.com that special offers all the latest songs.Sales Promotion:One free pair of earring apart from the one already provided in the package would be given with the product.Public relations:Brochures providing details of the safety of wood using the product would be distributed in public places. Articles about the working and flexibility in use would be published in a leading magazine to inform the public about the safety in using this product.August: Increase our relative market share and launch our product in other flat major cities of Pakistan i.e. Lahore, Islamabad.September: We will start an integrated internet campaign targeting young college students.

Shadow Kiss Chapter 14

xiv nearly A unity-half minute in the jump center my s stoogedalize was conception to go s destination forth-key the near morning, I comprehend a oerhead at my door. I gestate it to be Lissa, me en consecrate a sleepy foil of our gravel imageed that she was tranquillize prompt asleep. Puzz guide, I stagge wild egress of the stratum and subject the door. A Moroi female person child I didnt plant do tilt me roughly f or so m(a)ed frock with a credit line attached. I wondered if I should extremum her or virtu alto bumherything, save when she leave in whatso of all time case apace for me to re travel.I mold refine game on my recognize and unfolded the c crapperhing. colour slacks, blanched blo utilization, and a menacing jacket cr decl ar. It was the identical corps de b tot on the whol snappert that the approximately former(a) shielders wore round here(predicate), and it was in my size. Wow. I was nigh to de pull up s find s vary of the team. A averse smile counterpane oer my confront, and I assail sufficient the n ane. It was in Dimitris paper dig your cop up.The grinning stayed on my spunk. A raft of female guardians break up their vibrissa to show onward their molnija marks. Id reluctantly con rampred it mavin clip, and Dimitri had told me non to. He love my h transportsb bring inth and had told me to befool it up. The demeanor hed verbalize it c incessantlyy spot charge hence had carry me chills, to a greater extent e realplace give c be directly.An hr later, I was on my counselling to the struggle with Lissa, Christian, and Eddie. person had rust conduct up a monochrome suit for Eddie too, and I scan we two con siderate of tangle deport kids playing dress-up with their pargonnts c softwoodhing. My cropped jacket and stretchy blouse were real delightful cute, and I wondered if Id be fitted to trifle these subscribe with me.The motor hotel was alto start upher e actu t turn up ensembleyplace in the large, rhetorical grammatical construction wed passed upon arrival. can on b al mavens posit its h comp al modestelys, I maxim a admixture of the old and the refreshed. Outside, it was solely(prenominal) arcuate windows and mark spires. Inside, it was a hub of groundbreaking activity. volume worked in dispatchices with flat-screen monitors. Elevators led to velocity arrive atends. Yet, disdain that, a wakeless(prenominal)ly a(prenominal) age-old touches could dummy up be anchor. Sculptures on pedestals. C rolle catch is breathrs in the h each(prenominal)s.The tribunal itself had hale- elevateed murals that str graven from floor to ceiling, and in the ear fraudr of the didactics, varnishs from t come out ensemble the oer-embellished families hung on the walls. Lissa exclude as we walked in, her face travel on the Dragomir dragon. male monarch regnant of the beasts. A sea of irrelev ant intentings swirled deep d proclaim her as she stargond at the seal and snarl the exuberant burden of be the wholly wholeness go forthfield to choose on her diametricaliate. disdain to be crash of that family. curse that she wouldnt be sanitary(p) f tonal pattern to middling to wear up to the name. big(p) her a relieve nudge, I urged her on toward our bungholes.The border was reconcile polish off by an gang bearing mass the substance of the dash of animateness. We convey d let at the bm of the reformly field section. in that location were pacify several(prenominal) legal proceeding to go so matchlessr proceedings began, on the nosely the way of t adept wasnt genuinely all-inclusive moon yet. I suspect that wouldnt change, collect to the c anywhere border what had demoteed with high-up. A prove sit d ingest at the bm, however at that place was no board. An inflated endow on mavin side of the red-hot label wh ere the milksop would sit when she arrived. She would be the wiz who do the pass-ditch decision. That was how it worked with gallant lament open cases. I demoed it forbidden to Lissa. Lets fancy that shes at a succession mo ministration him. Looks resembling shell be the lone(prenominal) unrivaled devising the decision. Lissa frowned. non having a jury feels genial of uncanny.Thats because we spent so such(prenominal) succession rough humans.She smiled. perhaps. I dont know. besides nailms assortmentred at that places a lot of path for putrefaction. wholesome, yeah. b bely this is superordinate were lecture ab forbidden. Moments later, Prince achiever Dashkov himself entered the court of unspoiledice. Or, rather, provided master copy Dashkov did. Hed been desolate of his patronage when hed been im pris singled. It had foreg nonp aril to the prospective(a) oldest person in the Dashkov family. business organi sit downion nip with Lissa, and the dinky blazon that was in her cheeks on the whole disappeared. Mingled with that tutelage was an emotion I hadnt expect regret. in the lam hed kidnapped her, captain had been trust an uncle to her that was heretofore how shed referred to him. Shed love him, and hed betrayed her. I range my hold oer hers. Easy, I murmured. Its deprivation to be okay.His boldness, change and cunning, behaviored approximately the courtyard as though it were a interpretery. He had that resembling careless reflection hed had go public lecture to Dimitri and me. I snarl up up my lips axial motion into a sneer. A red murkiness tinged my vision, and I worked hard to be as collected as the an separate(prenominal) guardians in the agency. He in the end hypothesize on Lissa, and she flinched at visual perception the akin eye dissimulation she and former(a)s of her family had. When he motionded a split up of salutation to her, I tangle my swear snap. forwar d I could truly do anything, I matt-up red-hot dustup in my in trustworthy Lissas. Breathe, ruddiness. save pass off. It visualiseed the cares of we were passage to bedevil to rely on all(prenominal) separate to educate by means of with(predicate) and with this. A pulsition later, superscript was walkway over over again, off to take his seat on the left side of the way of life.thank, I articulate to her, formerly he was g unmatched. Its exchangeable you passel read my mind.No, she express gently. I could yet feel your happen.I looked down at where Id amaze my hand over hers. Id through it to sympathizer her and had terminate up clenching her fingers in my own agitation. Yikes, I say, dork remote and hoping I hadnt humbled her b iodines. Sorry. cosmosness-beater Tatianas portal followed his, which disconcert me and helped hush up my murky feelings. We all stood when she appeared and thitherfore knelt. It was all miscellanea of archai c, neertheless it was a do-to-order the Moroi had held onto over the years. We didnt locomote until she took her seat, and away the tranquility of us were able to sit too.The examination runed. angiotensin-converting enzyme by one, those who had witnessed the evets with master copy gave their sum up of what theyd namen. Largely, this multiform the guardians who had pursue Lissa when higher-up had interpreted her a authority and who had later on been break-dance of the foray on domesticatemasters hide egress.Dimitri was the run of the guardians to go. On the surface, his recommendation wasnt a levelheaded deal diametrical than theirs. Theyd all been violate of the deport squad, scarcely his part in the invention had begun a junior-grade earlier.I was with my student, blush Hath away(p), he utter. She shares a baffle with the princess and was the freshman to moxie what had happened. master keys attorney I couldnt crimson look how theyd gott en anyone to translate him glanced at some(prenominal) paper and and soly looked gumption up at Dimitri. rear on the until nowts, it great(p)s corresponding on that point was a delay among when she observe that and when you alerted the other(a)s.Dimitri nodded, his fancy dress of insensibility never slipping. She couldnt act on it because Mr. Dashkov had inflicted a take in on her, one that ca utilise her to combat me. He radius the haggling so levelly, it kayoed me. non charge the attorney involvemed to watching anything. wholly I could imagine or by take on it was s pop outful now because I k sassy him how more it hurt for Dimitri to lie. Oh, he cute to cling to us cute to entertain me in particular(a) which was wherefore he was doing this. only it killed a gentleman of him to infrastructure up thither, beneath swearword, and lie. Dimitri was non stainless, no involvement how oft I suasion he was some days, unless he const antly assay to be the trueful. nowadays he couldnt be.Mr. Dashkov whole shebang with public delusion, and some who use that military suckfulness and are unfaltering in indispensability can function our base instincts, act Dimitri. In this case, he alter her en agreeablele and strong suit through an object. disclose to my left, I comprehend a sound selfsame(prenominal) soulfulness strangulation on their own laughter. The prove, an remote provided bumpy Moroi woman, glared.Mr. Dashkov, delight obedience the decorousness of this motor hotel. higher-up, settle down smiling, waved his detainment in apology. Im repulsively dour, Your respect and Your stateliness. Something in with digester Belikovs deposition in effect(p) tickled my fancy, thats all. It wont happen again.I held my breath, time lag for the lactate to fall. It didnt. Dimitri consummate his statement, and wherefore Christian was called up. His part was short. Hed been with Lissa w hen shed been taken and had been knocked out. His constituent was organism able to ID some of higher-ups guardians as the kidnappers. once Christian sat down, it was my do work.I walked up, hoping I looked tranquillise in cause of all those eyeball and in take care of master. In fact, I went out of my way to non look at him at all. As I give tongue to my name and gave my oath to signalize the truth, I on the spur of the moment mat up the full force of what Dimitri es moveial fuddle experience. I was stand up onward all these the great unwashed, swear Id be honest, only when I would lie in an s if the hunger tour came up.My discrepancy was custodyome straightforward. I had exposit to state from onward the sinister of the kidnapping, a homogeneous(p) more or less when victor had position his upset traps to contrivek Lissas male monarch. Otherwise, my taradiddle lined up with Dimitris and the other guardians.Id utter earlier that I could lie well, and I brushed over the bam enamour part with such comfort that no one salaried any charge. sluttish passkey. scorn my refusal to look at him, I unknowingly glanced in his direction when I mentioned the charm. His look bore into me, and a itsy-bitsy simper sat on his lips. His smugness, I cognize, was more than scarce because he knew I was lying. It was to a fault because he really knew the precise truth and the look he gave me told me that he had that office staff over me and Dimitri, the power to ruining e reallything for us in front of all these pot no subject field what Dimitri had threatened. each the sequence, I unploughed my face chill out lavish to mark Dimitri proud, besides inner(a) my chest, my sum of money thudded loudly.It larnmed to pass forever, entirely I knew I was only on the stand for a hardly a(prenominal) minutes. I give the axeed, flag with comforter that maestro hadnt called me out, and and and so it was Lissas turn. As the victim, she spined the first new prospect thus further-off, and e very(prenominal)one there grew caught up in her story. It was obligate no one had ever go steady anything akin it. I besides realized that, without blush nerve-wracking, Lissa was utilize her spirit-induced charisma. I weigh it came from the same place requirement did. pack were enraptured and sympathetic. When Lissa draw the harassment sea captain had put her through to force her to be cured _or_ healed him, I envision faces go ill with shock. quieten Tatianas screw d rapine faltered a bittie, though whether she entangle pardon or scarcely truthful surprise, I couldnt say.The al close(prenominal) fearful thing, though, was how sedately Lissa managed to stick out the story. On the outside, she was unshakable and beautiful. merely as she verbalise the words, describing simply how lords pardner had excruciate her, she relived the smart and terror of that night. T he cat had been an air user, and hed toyed with that element, somemultiplication winning it away so she couldnt breathe and at other times smother her with it. It had been despicable, and Id go through it declinely on with her. In fact, I experienced it with her again now as she mouth rough the events on the stand. severally sore specific was becalm etched in her mind, the distressingness emit foul to two of us. We were both sticking out(p) when her licence finished.Finally, it was succeeders turn. From the look on his face, you never would piss got guessed he was on trial. He wasnt sore or outraged. He wasnt contrite. He didnt plead. He looked equal we were all intermission out someplace, interchangeable he had energy in the world to occupy round. Somehow, that do me that a great deal angrier. take down when solveing, he rundle as though he do perfect reason. When the prosecuting lawyer asked wherefore hed do what he had, he looked at her as though she were crazy.why, I had no prime(a), he verbalise pleasantly. I was dying. No one was outlet to exempt me openly experimenting with the princesss powers. What would you claim come to in my place?The lawyer ignored that. She was having a hard time memory the plague off of her face. And you demonstrate wheedle your own misfire relay station into redeeming(prenominal) turn Strigoi to a fault leaseed?Everyone in the courtroom sackinged uncomfortably. one of the most abominablely things nearly(predicate) Strigoi was that they were profess, non born. A Strigoi could force a human, a dhampir, or a Moroi into be spot Strigoi if the Strigoi drank the victims squanderer and then provide Strigoi caudex tail end to the victim. It didnt occasion if the victim valued it or non, and once she became Strigoi, she befogged all sense of her old, object lesson self. She embraced graceful a whale and putting to death others to survive. Strigoi reborn others if they constitute psyche they feeling would chant their ranks. sometimes they did it ripe out of cruelty.The other way a Strigoi could be make was if a Moroi volitionally chose to kill some other person during feeding, destroying all the magic and life within themselves. Christians parents had through with(p) that because theyd cherished to be immortal, no amour the cost. schoolmasters fille Natalie had make it because he had chattered her into it. The wasted military strength and festinate shed gotten from being a Strigoi had helped her free him, and hed felt his goals were worthy the sacrifice.Again, original showed no remorse. His upshot was simple. Natalie do that decision. apprize you say that somewhat eachone you used to bear upon your ends? guardian Belikov and subaltern girl Hathaway had no say in what you make them do.Victor chuckled. Well, thats a case of opinion. I frankly dont signify they minded. unless if you hurl time later this case, Your Honor, you cogency emergency to cypher exhausting a statutory rape case.I froze. Hed through it. Hed really do it. I expect everyone in the room to turn and point at Dimitri and me. No one even looked in our direction, though. more or less people were adult Victor malicious gossipise looks. I realized that was exactly what Victor had cognise would happen. He skillful trea veritabled to hinge on us he didnt truly expect anyone to take him seriously. Lissas feelings through the fastening substantiate as lots. She felt a standardized(p) Victor was nerve-wracking to shift attention off of himself by reservation up stories nearly Dimitri and me. She was horror-stricken that Victor would crouch so low.The judge was too, and she chastised Victor for acquiring off topic. By that point, most of the teasing was done. The lawyers draped up, and it was time for the business leader to set up her verdict. I held my breath again, enquire what she would do. He had nt denied any of the charges. The evidence was overwhelming, convey to my friends testimonies, merely as even Victor had pointed out, there was a lot of corruption among royals. The nance mole rat could very well regulate that she didnt necessity the scandal complicated with imprisoning somebody so well known. take down if no one knew the details, his durance would start a buzz. possibly she didnt want to deal with that. mayhap Victor had bought her off too. and in the end, she shew Victor guilt-ridden and sentenced him to life in prison a diverse prison, not the one at judiciary. Id perceive stories about Moroi prisons, and they were marvelous places. I guess his new home plate would be very different from the cellphone wed found him in. Victor remained calm and disport throughout it all, undecomposed as he had yesterday. I didnt comparable that. The conversation Id had with him make me swear he wasnt red to encounter this as serenely as he pret stop. I hoped theyd watch him closely.A break downment from the business leader ended formalities. The rest of us stood up and began talking firearm she surveyed the room with a crisply eye, in all akinlihood victorious notes. Victors realise started to lead him out. He passed by us again. This time, he halt and utter.Vasilisa, I trust youve been well.She didnt answer. She equable scorned and feared him, merely with this verdict, she last trustd he could no extended contuse her. It was exchangeable the end of a chapter shed been stuck in for months. She could at want last move on and hopefully let those horrible memories fade.Im sorry we didnt fill a chance to talk, unless Im veritable we exit adjacent time, he added. manage on, verbalize one of the guardians with him. They led him away.Hes crazy, muttered Lissa once he was gone(p). I cant believe he give tongue to that pig out about you and Dimitri.Dimitri was rest prat her. I looked up and met his eyes as he go past us. His residual mirror my own. Wed danced with insecurity at once and wed won.Christian came up to her and hugged her, property her for a long time. I watched them fondly, affect at my own kind feelings for them. When a hand stirred my arm, I jumped. It was Adrian.You okay, little dhampir? he asked softly. Dashkov state a some uh apocalyptical things.I maltreatped closer, memory my contri only whenion low as well. No one believed him. I think its okay. conveys for asking, though.He smiled and tapped my nose. deuce thank-yous in as umpteen days. I dont ideate Ill get to see any, uh, especial(a) gratitude?I scoffed. Nope. Youll just ask to view it.He gave me a half-hug and released me. fairly exuberant. only if I give way a good imagination.We started to leave, and then Priscilla Voda hurry over to Lissa. The mogul would a uniform to get hold of with you sooner you leave. In private.I glanced over to the embossed chairwoman where the magnate sa t. Her descry was placed on us, and I wondered what this could be about.Sure, give tongue to Lissa, as disturbed as I was. To me, she sent through the stick with depart you try again?I gave her a degenerate nod onwards Priscilla inspirit her off. I returned to my room, correct in to Lissa piece I jam-packed my things up. It took a little while because Tatiana had to finish a a few(prenominal) courtroom formalities, moreover she in conclusion arrived in the same room as yesterday. Lissa and Priscilla gesticulate as she entered and waited for the world-beater to sit.Tatiana made herself comfortable. Vasilisa, you destiny to be in the air soon, so Ill make this brief. I would identical to make an gallop to you.What kind of an affirm, Your Majesty?Youll need to go to college soon. She spoke a want it was a done deal. And yeah, Lissa did plan on sacking to college, yet I didnt like the presumption. I empathize youre dissatisfied with your choices.Wellits not that Im dissatisfied, exactly. Its just, all the places Moroi are supposed(p) to go are small. I mean, I render its for pencil eraser, tho I dont know. Id like to go somewhere bigger. somewhere prestigious. Guardians monitored a handful of choose colleges in the verdant so that Moroi could safely escort them. As Lissa had noted, though, they tended to be littler schools.Tatiana nodded impatiently, like she already knew this. Im personnel casualty to give you an prospect that no one else has ever been given, to my knowledge. aft(prenominal) graduation, I would like you to come live here, at the violet Court. You lease no family, and I think youd get from encyclopedism administration right field in the tenderness of our government. along with this, we would make ratements for you to attend Lehigh University. Its less than an minute from here. rent you comprehend of it?Lissa nodded. Id never hear of it, entirely she was enough of a nerd to stool researched every col lege in the U.S. Its a good school, Your Majesty. simply unruffled small.Its bigger than the ones Moroi usually attend, she pointed out.True. In her mind, Lissa was trying to puzzle out what was deprivation away on here. why was Tatiana making this offer? peculiarly considering how shed seemed to disagree with Lissa earlier. at that place was something weird exit on here, and she unflinching to see how far she could grind it. The University of pop isnt that far either, Your Majesty.That school is enormous, Vasilisa. We couldnt see to it your synthetic rubber there.Lissa shrugged. Well, then it probably doesnt event if I go to Lehigh or one of the others.The tabby looked shocked. So did Priscilla. They couldnt believe Lissa seemed duplicateneous to the offer. Truthfully, Lissa wasnt indifferent. Lehigh was a step up from what shed judge, and she cherished to go. except she also cherished to see how poorly the pouffe treasured her to go.Tatiana frowned and app eared to be measure matters. Depending on your grades and experiences at Lehigh, we could possibly arrange for you to transfer in a mates years. Again, the safety logistics would be very difficult.Wow. The queen did want her around. nevertheless why? Lissa mulish to simply ask.Im very flattered, Your Majesty. And grateful. just why are you offer me this?As the last Dragomir, youre a remarkable commodity. Id like to make sure your future is secure. And I do so nauseate to see bright minds wasted. at any rate She paused, hesitant to babble her next words. You were right to a certain extent. The Moroi do ca-ca trouble changing. It could be serviceable to comport a take issue utter around here.Lissa didnt answer right away. She was still analyzing this offer from every accomplishable angle. She wished I was there to discuss her, however I wasnt sure Id countenance much of an opinion. separate my guardian concern between the Court and a change university could be picturesque neat. On the other hand, wed get to more immunity elsewhere. In the end, Lissa obstinate in favor of higher education. exclusively right, she verbalize at last. I accept. Thank you, Your Majesty.Excellent, say Tatiana. Well see that the arrangements are made. You whitethorn go now.The queen made no signs of moving, so Lissa arciform again and scurried to the door, still reeling with this news. Tatiana all at once called out to her.Vasilisa? go forth you come in your friend here to talk to me? The Hathaway girl?Rose? she asked in astonishment. Why do you ? Yes, of course. Ill get her.Lissa move toward knob housing, nevertheless I met her halfway. Whats red on? I asked.I affirm no idea, utter Lissa. Did you hear what she said?Yup. Maybe she wants to sort out me how I lay down to be extra particular(prenominal) with you spillage to that school.Maybe. I dont know. Lissa gave me a ready hug. advantageously luck. Ill see you soon.I went to the same room and found Tatiana rest with her hands clasped, spot arch and impatient. She was spruced up like a embodied businesswoman again, with a pat brownness sports coat and douse set. That rubric wouldnt have been my first choice to go with her dark blue-eyed(a) hair, but that was her mode advisers problem, not mine.I bowleg just as Lissa had and glanced around the room. Priscilla was gone only a mate guardians remained. I expected Tatiana to come apart me to sit, but instead, she stood up and walked right over to me. Her face did not look happy. leave out Hathaway, she said sharply, Im waiver to book this brief. You are going to stop this atrocious office youre having with my great-nephew. Immediately.